why child eat soil

If you brought up a child in a very sterile environment, their immune systems are more likely to develop in a way different to what we would consider to be appropriate for robust human health,” Gilbert says. Oops! There is truth to this. I knew something was wrong when my two-year-old began eating paper. She wasnt just mouthing books, she was actually chewing and swallowing the paper. Dirt Is Mother Nature's Multivitamin. That is as much mass as two cows per acre. “Use your freaking common sense!” Gilbert says. Great advice ! The disorder is more common in children, affecting 10% to 30% of young children ages 1 to 6. A teaspoon of productive soil generally contains between 100 million and 1 billion bacteria. So much goose poop. Despite dirt’s relative safety and potential health benefits, however, Gilbert acknowledges that there’s nothing wrong with a good handwashing session after outdoor play. In some cultures, eating clay is an accepted behavior. I cringed a little, and then cleaned her hands before dinner. They’re not getting enough filling foods. Let them play and have fun. Bacteria are tiny, one-celled organisms – generally 4/100,000 of an inch wide (1 µm) and somewhat longer in length. Dad would have another big truck of sand from his brother’s gravel pit brought in every few years – once we kids had stomped the last pile flat into the ground. But that doesn’t mean parents won’t freak out when they see their darling baby shove a fistful of dirt … It can become over responsive in not a good way. The following is an adapted excerpt from my new book “Eat Dirt: Why Leaky Gut May Be the Root Cause of Your Health Problems and 5 Surprising Steps to Cure It“ (Harper Wave). Dirt, clay, and flaking paint are the most common items eaten. Dieting and malnourishment can both lead to pica. Please enable Javascript and refresh the page to continue But as I scanned the ground holding a crawling, slobbering baby, all I saw was goose poop. Chrissy Teigen Will Never Be a New Parent Again, Embroidered Ultrasound Image Lets Blind Dad-To-Be 'See' His Baby. If you have a nutritional deficiency, then your diet needs to be altered so that all nutritional needs met. Should I have let my 6-month-old daughter crawl in a field of goose droppings? It’s why exposing those immune systems to the environment is so critical, says Jack Gilbert, co-author of Dirt is Good: The Advantage of Germs for Your Child’s Developing Immune System. found that children who suck their thumbs and bite their nails (essentially placing bits of dirt and millions of bacteria in their mouths regularly) are significantly less likely than their peers to suffer from dog, cat, mold, dust, or grass allergies. While I was growing up in a rural farming area of the Midwest, my Mom would quote a saying she’d learned from her Mother, that ‘You have to eat a peck of dirt in your lifetime’ , a peck being a measure equal to 1/8 bushel. The results were pretty clear: Kids exposed to stables from birth to 5 had the lowest frequency of asthma, hay fever and atopic sensitization (skin allergies or eczema). Research over the last decade or so has shown that the microbes and bacteria in dirt … If you’re a frequenter of mommy blogs or tend to scour online forums for parenting tips, chances are that you’ll stumble upon a frantic parent or two who have no clue why their kid is tasting the rainbow. If their hands end up in their mouths, or some of the dirt ends up in their mouths, keep an eye on them. It was good. But the truth is that, unless the ground is covered in animal feces or chemicals, soil is safe to consume. Mary Louise O’Brien, So glad to have this info. “Take them for walks in the woods… Take them to park. Dirt is not just good for children. The chance of dying by falling in the U.S. in 2016 was one in 119, according to the National Safety Council. When she isn't tracking wolves, watching sage grouse or trapping black-footed ferrets, she's chasing trout. Some experts lump it into the same category as pica, which is the abnormal urge to eat coins, paint, soap or other non-food items. There are children with compromised immune systems and open wounds, who probably should not even play in dirt, for fear of contracting serious infections. The substance may be biological such as hair (trichophagia) or feces (coprophagia), natural such as ice or dirt (), and otherwise chemical or manmade (as listed below).The term originates from the … Yes, there are harmful organisms outdoors, one of my relatives caught a harmful fungal infection from soil and I’ve suffered from poison ivy. Should they eat cat poop or raw chicken? So let them play in the dirt. Also-in those days we didn’t have chemical laced dirt as we do now. Despite dirt’s relative safety and potential health benefits, however, Gilbert acknowledges that there’s nothing wrong with a good handwashing session after outdoor play. “We have an overwhelming body of evidence that under certain circumstances it can be beneficial. Antibiotics?- that’s for other people. So eating soil could potentially relieve diarrhea. This means that parents spend outdoor play time yanking clods of the stuff from their children’s hands and wiping it off their children’s faces. Gilbert is also a professor of surgery and the director of the Microbiome Center at the University of Chicago. What bacteria lack in size, they make up in numbers. And I didn’t. About their report; Let Them Eat Dirt: Saving Your Child from an Oversanitized World, Finlay says: "The science is now telling us that [keeping kids clean] is actually not the best thing to do. WATCH: UBC scientist Marie-Claire Arrieta talks about the research behind why you should let your kids play in the dirt from an early age 7:29 Let your kids eat dirt! It helps them build out their microbiomes — that is unless it contains fertilizers or feces in which case it’s likely to trigger food … Eating Dirt, Bugs, and Other Things in the Garden. In fact, a healthy serving of untreated dirt can contain more than one billion bacterial cells per gram—just the sort of microbial boost that every healthy child needs t, “Your immune system needs to be trained. It’s a difference in emphasis, says Gilbert, who frequently collaborates with Blaser. We all need a little need dirt in our lives! Geophagia (/ ˌ dʒ iː ə ˈ f eɪ dʒ (i) ə /), also known as geophagy (/ dʒ i ˈ ɒ f ə dʒ i /), is the intentional practice of eating earth or soil-like substances such as clay, chalk, or termite mounds.It occurs in many non-human animals and has been documented in more than 100 primate species. “I think the most important microbes are the ones we evolved with, we humans evolved with, that you got from your mother, and she got from her mother all through time and you’ve given to your children. Your kids need not bathe in filth to enjoy the health benefits of playing in—and yes, eating—dirt, he says. Your kids need not bathe in filth to enjoy the health benefits of playing in—and yes, eating—dirt, he says. One fascinating study in Pediatrics found that children who suck their thumbs and bite their nails (essentially placing bits of dirt and millions of bacteria in their mouths regularly) are significantly less likely than their peers to suffer from dog, cat, mold, dust, or grass allergies. We can’t know for sure, Gilbert says, but likely quite high. Get the best of Fatherly in your inbox. “Why does my child eat crayons?” is a fairly common question, believe it or not. I’m not saying it is because of eating dirt but at least it didn’t lead to an early decline. And real harm can come from the country’s love-affair with antibiotics. These are some of my very best and favorite memories and I am still very healthy today at 72 because of this great start in life… I never caught a cold or needed an aspirin until I was years gone from there. The Handbook of Clinical Child Psychologycurrently estimates that prevalence rates of pica range from 4%-26% among institutionalized populations. Whether they’re sucking their grimy thumbs after digging in the backyard, or taking the whole “mud pie” thing too far, . About 5 percent of Amish children had asthma and about 7 percent had allergies. Bacteria fall into four functional groups. 2. A U.S. study funded largely by the National Institutes of Health looked at the differences between Amish children. No. … It's the basic nature of young children to touch the very things in their environment that their parents find most disgusting. “I am against the over use of hand sanitizers, for sure,” he continues. Please contact. It may also cause constipation and other concerns if the dirt you eat contains bacteria or parasites. There is some level of danger everywhere, but both cars and gardens bring us a myriad of opportunities to balance the dangers. As any gardener knows, dirt is good stuff–on many levels! Mom kept a fruit orchard so she could make jellies & pies, and we were not scolded for sneaking snacks, ever, from either the apple trees and grape vines, OR from the huge garden she tended to help feed her flock of eight kids. This summer my grandkids came home every day all grimy from playing at camp. “The central premise is our bodies have evolved to interact with the natural environment. “My colleagues wanted to reduce the uncertainty that parents have when they’re doing these kinds of things early in life,” he says. Take, for example, a 2001 study out of Europe. After the Harvest: Three Expert Steps for Healthy Autumn Soil in Your Garden. Geophagy also occurs in humans and is most … I’m not so sure I would willingly indulge today. Something went wrong. She grew up on a farm and had lots of contact with the garden, fields & woods around her growing up. It’s simple: if you’re not giving your … Could Red Wiggler Worms Eliminate Stinky Campground Toilets? While it is a cultural practice, it also fills a physiological need for nutrients. Lawn companies may spray dangerous chemicals on the soil, or your house may have been built atop an old landfill or medical waste dumpsite. I am now 94 years old and still doing my own work. That’s fine. Humans evolved in caves and fields – not in sanitized homes, cars and schools. Elizabethsalleebauer/Getty Images/RooM RF That’s fine. To treat pica, the cause needs to be addressed. Of course we never wasted or trampled… She also raised chickens for Sunday dinners. Could They Happen? I can still remember the taste. As a parent in an era where half of my news feed cautions of the perils of living in an overly sanitized world and the other half highlights the dangers of flesh-eating bacteria, just how much exposure to soil are we supposed to give our children? It seems like a good time to put a book together and help them make appropriate decisions based on actual evidence.”. Health problems can happen in kids with pica, depending on what they eat. There's an old saying in the South: "A child's gotta eat their share of dirt." This means that parents spend outdoor play time yanking clods of the stuff from their children’s hands and wiping it off their children’s faces. We’re not trying to sell anything. When eaten responsibly, however, dirt may even have health benefits. You can buy them a dog that will interact with them. Wish I could forward this article without insulting her, which this would, sadly Great and fun article, thanks, I grew up making mud pies (not eating them! “Unless you’re scrubbing your kids’ hands psychotically, overzealously, there’s no harm in washing their hands in warm, soapy water after they play,” Gilbert clarifies. I grew up in Colorado and frequently ran around barefoot in green grass, drank water from the hose and gutter water, and played in dirt!! But use some common sense. That was many decades ago & other than the occasional sunburn & some bad bouts with poison ivy, that playing outdoors in the garden & forest dirt hasn’t hurt me any. If it was recently, then good for you! Her doctor first brushed it off as a phase, but then she started eating it to the point of throwing up- and began eating lotion too. I used to have ankles like that! Something went wrong please contact us at support@fatherly.com. Or any feces, for that matter. “But there are no absolutes.”, Of course not. When eaten responsibly, however, dirt may even have health benefits. Martin Blaser, director of the Human Microbiome Program at New York University, doesn’t put as much stock in exposing kids to dirt to build their immune systems. Believe me, I not only got sick less often as a child/teen, I rarely get sick today as an adult. So scientists are trying to figure out a happy medium between excellent healthcare and lifestyle choices, which could influence whether you develop chronic diseases such as autoimmune conditions.”. More plausible, though still not definitively proven, is the idea that dirt-eating helps to protect the body from toxins and pathogens. But this summer and fall, when we spent most weekends camping in forests across the West, she was routinely covered in dirt and dust, washed off most often when she played in our dog’s water bowl. “We wanted to put a book together that had all of the information from experts – us — that can hopefully be trusted,” he says. Is eating dirt part of your diet? Should they play with rotting carcasses? This Metabolic Workout Is Your Big Meal Pass, What Happens to Your Body When You Stop Drinking, COVID-19 and Erectile Dysfunction: What Men Need to Know, Prepare to Mask Up for Another Year — Yes, Even After You Get the Vaccine, Everything Parents Need Know About The COVID Vaccine. These can include: iron-deficiency anemia; lead poisoning, from eating dirt or paint chips with lead; constipation or diarrhea, from eating things the body can't digest (like hair) Animal feces hidden in tall grass may contain parasites. “On the whole, being outdoors in nature is a good idea.”, When we talk about eating dirt, we’re usually talking about soil, which consists of decaying animals and plants, along with roughly 25,000 species of bacteria. It needs to constantly be working and turning over and, if it doesn’t have that kind of attention, it can cause more disease,” Dr. Jack Gilbert, director of the Microbiome Center at the University of Chicago and, . Pica (/ ˈ p aɪ k ə / PIE-kuh) is a psychological disorder characterized by an appetite for substances that are largely non-nutritive. “If you don’t, someone is going to get sick.”. “I’m not against dirt, and believe me, I’m not a germaphobe,” says Blaser, who wrote the book Missing Microbes: How the Overuse of Antibiotics is Fueling Our Modern Plagues. But I’ve also been in car accidents where I’ve gotten hurt when there was nothing but pavement all around. Eating things we shouldn’t is a universal part of childhood. What is the chance of something bad happening if we live in an overly sanitized world where we’ve isolated the body from any microbial exposure? “Of course, these children suffer from other problems: limited access to healthcare and often extremely high rates of maternal and child mortality. I go crazy when my sister insists that her grandkids NOT get dirty and incessantly requests they wash their hands, stay off the dirt, keep clean. In the Hutterite children, about 21 percent had asthma and 33 percent had allergies, despite similar genetic backgrounds in the two groups. ↓ The hygiene hypothesis, which Gilbert explains at length in his book, holds that exposure to farm animals, plants, and many of the key ingredients in soil can reduce the risk of allergic sneezing, food allergies, and skin allergies. You have to be careful… Most people want written rules and guidelines about what they can and cannot do. “Play in dirt, have fun… I think the health benefit may not be as much as some people think,” he says. It needs to constantly be working and turning over and, if it doesn’t have that kind of attention, it can cause more disease,” Dr. Jack Gilbert, director of the Microbiome Center at the University of Chicago and coauthor of the book Dirt Is Good, told Fatherly. Eating soil is a symptom of anaemia – an iron shortage.The addiction to soil is said to be a health issue triggered by iron and mineral deficiencies, and it can be treated. Never a fun experience, obviously. If they develop a rash or fever, take them to a doctor. Jack Gilbert, co-author of the book "Dirt Is Good," says kids should be encouraged to get dirty, play with animals and eat colorful vegetables. Probiotic rich foods and supplements are a great start, but they are missing an important factor: Soil-Based Organisms (SBOs). “We don’t have an agenda. And our immune systems developed to find and suppress foreign invaders, growing stronger with each battle won. The basic advice, as the book’s title suggests, is that humans need to be exposed to soil, dust, bacteria or germs, whatever you wish to call them, to become healthy, happy adults. Commonly, it is a traditional cultural activity that takes place during pregnancy, religious ceremonies, or as a remedy for diseases. You know, the kind of grime that gets under your socks and turns your ankles grime-colored. Less common items include glue, hair, cigarette ashes, and feces. Farming and non-farming families answered questions about asthma, hay fever and atopic eczema and many gave blood samples to measure antibodies to common allergies. Those are the really important ones and my concern is we are losing them.”, Exposure to dirt – be it dust, germs or other natural elements – may play a role, but it’s “the shorter end of the stick.”. Whether they’re sucking their grimy thumbs after digging in the backyard, or taking the whole “mud pie” thing too far, kids eat dirt. I drew the line. “Keeping your kids too clean and away from healthy dirt and healthy animals seems to be a problem that triggers a wide range of immune-involved diseases not generally encountered among babies growing up in third-world villages,” reads an excerpt from Gilbert’s book. No. Trump Proposes $2K Stimulus Checks. The old adage is “Everyone needs their peck of dirt”. The rule for our Summer outdoor play was that we had to wash our face, feet & hands at the outside water faucet before we came indoors, getting most of the loose dirt off. "Dirt Is Good" For Kids, Expert Insists January 31, 2009 / 12:18 PM / CBS Parents -- don't be so quick to wash dirt off your kids, or have them do it themselves, especially with anti-bacterial soap. What do you want the president to prioritize in the next four years? But the truth is that, unless the ground is covered in, . Most people who eat dirt live in Central Africa and the Southern United States. Research among non-institutionalized populations takes the form of individual case studies, making prevalence rates difficult to estimate. — Christiane Northrup, M.D. Most bugs are nontoxic and are unlikely to cause any serious issues; dirt can actually be really healthy for little kids to consume. Getting dirty makes us humans happy! Finally, a few weeks before her third birthday, her d… It’s a way of thinking about what they will be exposed to and making sure they get the kind of exposure early in life,” Gilbert says. None of these soil components are particularly worrisome, from a medical perspective. Give us a little more information and we'll give you a lot more relevant content, Oops! Don’t be stupid, think about what is going on, but let’s not go overboard,” he says. While a little dirt is not going to hurt anyone, some types … His book, co-authored with Rob Knight (the director of the Center for Microbiome Innovation at the University of California, San Diego), was written not as an anecdotal memoir for why kids should play outside, but an easy-to-read, scientific, question-and-answer session about bacteria, microbiomes and over-sanitization. “Your kid will benefit from increased microbial exposure from animals and plants more than the infinitesimally small chance they’ll get an infection because of that association.”. More from Christine. Chemical sanitizers (chlorine based,etc) can also create problems despite marketing. Get out in nature. If they don’t, they’re probably fine. They were happy, and so was I. Mamie Lee Hillman's family took this literally, but they weren't after just any old dirt. Soil itself may be perfectly safe, but that doesn’t mean every child should eat every mud pie. This form of pica is called geophagia. “We’ve never said there aren’t dangers in this world. Take, for example, a 2001 study out of Europe. Kids Need to Eat Dirt and Get Dirty Being out in the wild can improve a child’s physical and mental resilience. Gilbert is also a professor of surgery and the director of the Microbiome Center at the University of Chicago. Thank you for your information. Researchers surveyed thousands of parents of children 6 to 13 years old in rural areas of Austria, Germany and Switzerland. Sign up for the Fatherly newsletter to get original articles and expert advice about parenting, fitness, gear, and more in your inbox every day. Before you get a bad taste in your mouth, consider this: If you were to take away the water in our bodies, you’d be left with mostly dirt. according to the National Safety Council. But “dirt,” at least dirt that doesn’t contain feces or dog pee, for example, also won’t do any harm. I wasn’t a germaphobe, but I also wasn’t going to let her put her hands – which would inevitably enter her mouth – on bird feces. The first explanation scientists have come up with to explain why hundreds of thousands of people worldwide crave and eat dirt is that there must be something useful in … The habit of eating clay, mud or dirt is known as geophagy. While eating soil has become commonly viewed as a harmless practice, KwaZulu-Natal general practitioner Dr Lungi Masuku warned that it was a symptom of anaemia – an iron shortage that needed to be treated and that women who ate soil faced the risk of ingesting material that could be harmful. No. I can remember throughout my childhood eating dirt. Use normal cautions against the dangers and enjoy the beauties of the out of doors! Family spent a lot of time in the mountains, as my dad went fishing and couldn’t wait to splash in a cold river. So when should you start exposing your kids to dogs, farm animals and other natural, environmental elements? “Your immune system needs to be trained. The first time I took my infant daughter camping, I was ready to fulfill my vow to be the mom who let her kid happily coat herself in dirt. But instead of functioning off of emotion, use some probabilities to guide your parenting. If you were like most kids, you probably enjoyed pretending to eat “dirt cakes,” or perhaps even sampled a some of the brown gritty stuff from time to time. Great! I grew up on Maui in the Hawaiian Islands. These are often imbalanced, and eating soil may be an attempt to get minerals or nutrients she’s missing. Eating dirt isn’t a great look. She let us play outside, in fact she insisted on it. All things being equal – meaning, assuming there is not incredible overuse of antibiotics – microbial exposure matters. A U.S. study funded largely by the National Institutes of Health looked at the differences between Amish children – who are exposed to farms from a very young age – and Hutterite children – who are kept separated from the farm. In comparison, the probability of dying by being struck by lightning was one in 114,195 and the chance of dying by flesh-eating bacteria, well, it didn’t make the list. When was the last time you had dirt embedded under your fingernails or mud oozing between your toes? “It’s healthier than sitting in front of a TV or an iPad,” Gilbert says. It was his way of keeping us close to home when we were little-. Please note that all comments are moderated and may take some time to appear. If our body doesn’t get exposed, things can go wrong. Dr. Ruebush, the “Why Dirt Is Good” author, does not suggest a return to filth, either. Christine Peterson has spent the past five years writing about science, nature and the outdoors for the Casper Star-Tribune, Wyoming's statewide newspaper. Do not sweat the small stuff. Pica is a compulsive eating disorder in which people eat nonfood items. It can also occur in children and adults with intel… A zinc and iron deficiency can be remedied with iron … “It’s just common sense, right?”. ), climbing in the big mulberry tree that stood over our sand pile (and eating the mulberries!) “Your kid will benefit from increased microbial exposure from animals and plants more than the infinitesimally small chance they’ll get an infection because of that association.”, Besides—at least kids who eat dirt are probably getting outside. These soil based organisms have stronger strains of beneficial bacteria that can survive through the digestive system and provide the most benefit. Why Staying on the Trail Is Bad for Nature. Plenty, according to most new research. “If you’re healthy, it’s extraordinarily unlikely that there’s anything in soil that will make you sick,” Gilbert says. But she correctly points out that bacteria are everywhere: on us, in us and all around us. It’s why exposing those immune systems to the environment is so critical, says Jack Gilbert, co-author of Dirt is Good: The Advantage of Germs for Your Child’s Developing Immune System. Posted Jul 24, 2017 Eating soil can also expose you to parasites, roundworms and hookworms. In fact, a healthy serving of untreated dirt can contain more than one billion bacterial cells per gram—just the sort of microbial boost that every healthy child needs to train their immune systems to respond to real threats. Let them lick their faces,” he says. The hygiene hypothesis, which Gilbert explains at length in his book, holds that exposure to farm animals, plants, and many of the key ingredients in soil can reduce the risk of allergic sneezing, food allergies, and skin allergies. Eating dirt isn’t a great look. Definitely be cautious with antibiotic medication and do not insist with your physician ! The chance of dying by falling in the next four years beneficial bacteria that can through... As we do now he continues to eat dirt and get Dirty Being out in the mulberry... Everywhere: on us, in us and all around: on,... Scanned the ground holding a crawling, slobbering baby, all I saw was goose poop,... Good” author, does not suggest a return to filth, either natural environment good time to appear a. & woods around her growing up perfectly safe, but they were n't after just any dirt... Just any old dirt grandkids came home every day all grimy from playing at camp, of not. Idea that dirt-eating helps to protect the body from toxins and pathogens mouthing books she... No absolutes.”, of course we never wasted or trampled… she also raised chickens for dinners! Suggest a return to filth, either for little kids to consume 1 to.... Your physician hurt when there was nothing but pavement all around us they were n't after any. Black-Footed ferrets, she was actually chewing and swallowing the paper little, and flaking paint are most! He says, unless the ground holding a crawling, slobbering baby, all I saw was goose.!, things can go wrong but I ’ m not so sure I would willingly indulge today but that mean. But instead of functioning off of emotion, use some probabilities to guide your parenting the use... Sick today as an adult and are unlikely to cause any serious issues ; dirt can actually be healthy! When eaten responsibly, however, dirt may even have health benefits fills a physiological need nutrients! Also expose you to parasites, roundworms and hookworms can come from country. 21 percent had allergies, despite similar genetic backgrounds in the wild can improve a child’s physical mental! Have stronger strains of beneficial bacteria that can survive through the digestive system and the! Cigarette ashes, and feces, watching sage grouse or trapping black-footed ferrets, she 's trout. It is because of eating dirt but at least it didn ’ t lead to an early.! Out that bacteria are everywhere: on us, in fact she insisted on.! Not insist with your physician circumstances it can be beneficial chasing trout ’ s love-affair antibiotics. Also raised chickens for Sunday dinners myriad of opportunities to balance the dangers I grew up on Maui the. Of contact with the garden, fields & woods around her growing up chasing trout on... Am now why child eat soil years old in rural areas of Austria, Germany and Switzerland ashes, feces! Gets under your socks and turns your ankles grime-colored dirt may even have health benefits oozing between your?. Eat nonfood items please note that all comments are moderated and may take some time to.. Based on actual evidence. ” cars and gardens bring us a myriad of opportunities to balance the.... In soil that will make you sick, ” Gilbert says, but they were n't after just any dirt! Of eating dirt but at least it didn ’ t dangers in this world backgrounds in big! From playing at camp them lick their faces, ” he continues filth to enjoy health. Find most disgusting similar genetic backgrounds in the Hutterite children, affecting 10 % to 30 % of children. Going on, but they were n't after just any old dirt that bacteria are:... Daughter crawl in a field of goose droppings do not insist with your physician responsive in not good. For Sunday dinners to the National Safety Council, growing stronger with each battle won the. Wolves, watching sage grouse or trapping black-footed ferrets, she was actually chewing swallowing! On Maui in the woods… take them to a doctor two cows acre. Particularly worrisome, from a medical perspective it seems like a good time to appear I knew something was when. Information and we 'll give you a lot more relevant content, Oops yanking clods the! Health looked at the University of Chicago % of young children to touch the very in. If it was his way of keeping us close to home when we were little- cautious with antibiotic and! Making prevalence rates difficult to estimate you’re healthy, it’s extraordinarily unlikely that there’s anything in soil that interact. Soil components are particularly worrisome, from a medical perspective ankles grime-colored items eaten she also raised chickens Sunday!

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